EMM Reject causes

 

Bin	Cauase	Desc
10	2	IMSI unknown in HSS
11	3	Illegal UE
101	5	IMEI not accepted
110	6	Illegal ME
111	7	EPS services not allowed
1000	8	EPS services and non-EPS services not allowed
1001	9	UE identity cannot be derived by the network
1010	10	Implicitly detached
1011	11	PLMN not allowed
1100	12	Tracking Area not allowed
1101	13	Roaming not allowed in this tracking area
1110	14	EPS services not allowed in this PLMN
1111	15	No Suitable Cells In tracking area
10000	16	MSC temporarily not reachable
10001	17	Network failure
10010	18	CS domain not available
10011	19	ESM failure
10100	20	MAC failure
10101	21	Synch failure
10110	22	Congestion
10111	23	UE security capabilities mismatch
11000	24	Security mode rejected, unspecified
11001	25	Not authorized for this CSG
11010	26	Non-EPS authentication unacceptable
100011	35	Requested service option not authorized in this PLMN
100111	39	CS service temporarily not available
101000	40	No EPS bearer context activated
101010	42	Severe network failure
1011111	95	Semantically incorrect message
1100000	96	Invalid mandatory information
1100001	97	Message type non-existent or not implemented
1100010	98	Message type not compatible with the protocol state
1100011	99	Information element non-existent or not implemented
1100100	100	Conditional IE error
1100101	101	Message not compatible with the protocol state
1101111	111	Protocol error, unspecified

What phone to buy Samsung Glaxy Mini(Pop), Fit or Ace?

This is a mail i wrote to my friend who asked me which one to buy of the three mentioned in the subject. Just posting it here as per his suggestion:

Glaxy ace (S5830) is more in price than than Pop (S5570 aka Mini) and Fit (S5670) so it will have more features and

better look and feel. Nevertheless other phones also has similar features. If u have a stringent budget, I would

suggest u personally see a demo and buy it. In case you are going to buy other than Ace. Some of my friends suggested Wave II check that also.

One of the key thing is look and feel. I liked Ace beacuse it was looking like i-phone to be honest. Check these

links for look and feel:

Pop (aka Mini): http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_mini_s5570-pictures-3725.php

Fit: http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_fit_s5670-pictures-3726.php

Ace: http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_ace_s5830-3724.php

Another thing is touch sensitivity ( for this i recommend u c a demo), anyway u will notice the look and feel when u see a demo. Ace sensitivity is good.

- For your knowlege there are 2 types of touch screen: Resistive (depends on pressure) and Capacitive (depends on the conductive properties of touching material)

- I-phone and most touch senstive (Glaxy) uses capacitive. In low end smart phones Corby series uses capcitive touch screen.

- Nokia (many models I have seen) and low priced phones uses resistive that's not so sensitive.

- Normally resistive comes with Stylus and suited for finger touch.

Screen size is also very important for smart when (to read and edit document)

Screen size is comaprtive to price Ace has 3.5", Mini has 3.15" and Fit 3.31". Ace screen size is same as i-phone screen size for u to imagine the screen size.

The resolution is also better in Ace (which determines the clarity of display): Ace: 320x480 pixels and Fit: 240x320.

OS also plays a role in tocuch screen and speed:

- All 3 phones has android 2.2 Froyo.

Processer speed (Now a days became important for mobile also, as it does multitasking):

- Pop(Mini): 600Mhz

- Fit: 600Mhz

- Ace: 800Mhz (here ace is more powerful)

Even the flagship model Galaxy S has 1GHz processor only.

Camera (another key feature in a smart phone):

Pop: 3MP (No Flash)

Fit: 5MP (No Flash) - I see no flash as big drawback for 5MP camera.

Ace: 5MP (with Flash)

Batterry: Both Ace and Fit has the same power battery (1350 mAh) where as Mini(Pop) has 1200mAh, which is expected. I feel if Ace is powered with 1500mAh it will much better for battery backup, than it will increase the price. This is the battery used in Galaxy S which cost nealy 28K.

As one of the drawbacks i see we need to charge these smart phones daily comapred to normal phone which will come for 3 days. This is because of the display and the data featues it uses synch up with mail maps etc in background. There are ways to save power which u can use, reduce the display brightness and remove autosync up for mails. Other than these i dont see any drawback.

Audio, Office, Chat, Social and Mail applications are similar in all these 3 phones.

Price (most important thing): this is as on 1-Mar-2011

Model: Price (with VAT)

Pop: 8,846 (9,200)

Fit: 10, 144 (10,550)

Ace: 14,615(15,200) - I got it for 15,100/- (The actual price has decreased few 100's in weeks time. When i was

checking with tax it was 15,600/-).

If you are a techie guy then better go for Android phone, tight integration with Google service is Amazing!! you need to experience to feel it. I will compare with optimus later and provide my comments. I have not recommended because I am liitle biased towards Ace and I feel it more depends on what u need. So only I have listed the Key difference and advatages. I will check with my collgue also for some inputs, he only suggested me Ace so his inputs are worth it.

Reference:

1. Check "GSM arena" for specifications and user comments, click on the image in specs to see full sized image.

2. "Tech tree" review also help, in choosing in a price range check that, i will send u the link later.

3. I use univercell website to check the price, prices displayed are without Tax, Univercell also gives EMI option if ur buying online.

How to create alias for Windows command prompt

If you use windows command prompt too often then this tip will be very handy for you. Alias are useful way to access commonly used commands using a short version of it. In Unix/Linux, we have a command alias to do this. However in windows it is not straight forward. This post explains how to accomplish that in windows command to prompt.

Its a two step process (initially):

1. Create a Windows cmd prompt shortcut in Desktop: This can be easily done by Holding the Ctl Key and drag cmd window shortcut in Programs-> Accessories to Desktop. This will create a Shortcut.
2. Now modify the shortcut to execute a batch file at the start: This can be done by adding /q/k BATCHFILENAME after cmd.exe in Properties of Shortcut. I hope you are ware how get the properties, Right-click the Shotcut and Choose "Properties" in the context Menu. After the change it will look something like this (In my case batch file is stored at C:\Sara\ and filename is alias.bat).

One this is done, you are All Set. you can now add the commands to executed in the batch file. Sample file shown below, its self explanatory. Few things to understand are we use doskey command to create alias, and $* is in similar spirit to Unix/GNU Linux $* - it means all the arguments. Lines starting with REM are comments.

alias.bat:

REM ---------------------------------

REM Create alias for cleartool as ct

doskey ct=cleatool $*

REM Create alias for explorer as e

doskey e=explorer $*

REM Create alias for notpad++ as np

doskey np="C:\Program Files (x86)\Notepad++\notepad++" $*

REM Change intial dir to C:\Sara\scripts

cd /d C:\Sara\scripts

REM ---------------------------------

Now the same bactch file can be used to accomplish other task at start-up of command winddow: last example demonstrates that use.

How to kill several unwanted windows (or task) at once

While you work in Windows machine, sometimes too many instances of the same task gets started by mistake or triggered by virus etc and TOO many windows will be opened. Now how to kill all of them without the pain of clicking "Close" button several times. Easy way is to use a command: taskkill. To get started, use tasklist command - to see the list of task running currently. This command output is similar to TaskManager window (or in similar spirit to Unix/GNU Linux ps command). This command will list all the task as below (output from my machine). Just for Demo I have created several instances of gvim to run (that can be seen in below output). Now to kill all of them at once, use:

taskkill /IM IMAGENAME.

In this example it is: taskkill /IM gvim.exe. This will kill all instances of gim.exe (as shown below).

Demo on MS-DOS prompt:

C:\>tasklist

Image Name PID Session Name Session# Mem Usage

========================= ====== ================ ======== ============

System Idle Process 0 RDP-Tcp#40 0 28 K

System 4 RDP-Tcp#40 0 68 K

...

cmd.exe 2412 RDP-Tcp#40 0 1,316 K

notepad.exe 912 RDP-Tcp#40 0 3,284 K

gvim.exe 2024 RDP-Tcp#40 0 3,168 K

gvim.exe 756 RDP-Tcp#40 0 7,028 K

gvim.exe 2132 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,352 K

gvim.exe 3872 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,368 K

gvim.exe 2136 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,388 K

gvim.exe 620 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,404 K

gvim.exe 3856 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,408 K

gvim.exe 2708 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,392 K

gvim.exe 2092 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,424 K

gvim.exe 3616 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,368 K

gvim.exe 3292 RDP-Tcp#40 0 6,384 K

tasklist.exe 1832 RDP-Tcp#40 0 4,568 K

C:\>taskkill /IM gvim.exe

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 2024 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 756 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 2132 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 3872 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 2136 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 620 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 3856 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 2708 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 2092 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 3616 has been terminated.

SUCCESS: The process "gvim.exe" with PID 3292 has been terminated.

C:\>

Download flv files watched using Chrome Browser - No tools just plain copy!

When we watch a flv file in Chrome browser it is getting buffered at location defined by Windows Environment Variable: %TEMP% as fla*.tmp.

Now how can we save this:

Case-1:

If buffering is complete. Then don't close the browser. Copy the fla*.tmp, this locked by Chrome. Thus we can use HoboCopy to copy it. As below:

C:\HoboCopy.exe %TEMP% C:\FLV_FILES fla*.tmp

The file gets copied to C:\FLV_FILES. Rename .tmp to .flv and its done.

WARNING: If browser gets closed after buffer complete, then Chrome automatically deletes the fla*.tmp, then buffered file will be lost.

Case-2:

If buffering is not complete. Which means browser closed before complete buffer download. Then flv is stored at: C:\Documents and Settings\USER\Local Settings\Application Data\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Cache. In case of Windows 7 it is: C:\Users\USER\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Cache. So just open this location in Explorer and copy the files flv files (starts with f_* and does not have .flv extension at the end). After copying to desired location, rename it to .flv.

TIP: I normally sort according to size in Explorer and copy files which are considerable size few MB's at least, to avoid copying the small files which may not have video content.

Try this technique. You don't need any download plugin etc. This is not restricted to YouTube it works with other sites as well.

Good Softwares

Office: Open Office, this is an free alternative to Microsoft Office and can handle MS office formats as well.

CD/DVD Writing: InfraRecorder, this is a free alternative to Nero CD/DVD burner.

PDF Reader: Foxit PDF (Tabbed PDF browsing and Fast), this is not open source however it has a free version as well. Open source Sumatra PDF is good and very fast, however it is still evolving. I was very impressed by the speed and shortcuts similar to Vim.

PDF Printer: PrimoPDF, this is not open source however it has a free version as well. This is best for Windows OS, I have used open source alternative PDF Writer however I am not impressed.

Media Player: Vlc media player, its open source and the best in comparison to proprietary softwares as well.

Image viewer: ACDSee, this is a proprietary software. I tried some open source alternatives and they are no were in comparison to this. It is my personal opinion there might be some good ones that I would have missed.

Compression tools: 7 zip is open source and almost hadles all format zip, rar, tar, .bz2 and .bz etc, the best.

Audio Recording and Editing: Adacity is open source and its very good. This also does conversion to mp3 (additional LAME MP3 encoder dll needs to be copied). If the system powers off / software crash, recovery of the recorded audio is possible. You can look for more info on net.

Editing: Vim - I feel this is the most powerful editor in the world, if you are not familiar with Vim and more used to windows like editor then Notepad++ is another good option.
Unix Emulation for Windows: Cygwin, the best.

Comparison Tool: WinMerge is a good comparison and merge tool. Araxis Merge is a proprietary software and it does much better job than other comparison tools, I prefer this personally.

SCP client: WinSCP, the best.
FTP client: Filezilla
Telnet/SSH client: PuTTY & PuTTY Connection Manager, the best.

Chess: WinBoard with GNU Chess is a good option. If you are a serious player then Fritz (not free) is the best.

Visit: www.osalt.com to check for Open Source Alternative for your proparatory software. Also www.opensourcewindows.org is also a good place to look for Windows open source softwares.

GRUB made easy

GRUB stands for GRand Unified Bootloader, which comes as default Bootloader with most of the GNU/Linux distribution (Red Hat, Ubuntu, Mandriva etc). It is used to boot multiple operating systems installed in the same computer. If you are not familiar with the concept of bootloader, let me just give a brief intro. Once a computer is powered on, its runs some basic hardware test and transfers the control to the selected boot device, mostly it will be your harddisk. However you can configure it to CD-ROM or a USB stick (only if the HW supports), many of us are familiar with this program called BIOS. In fact to modify the boot device we need to change the BIOS settings. Latest hardwares provide a "Boot Menu" hard key as well. Okay coming to the point, Actually the BIOS transfers the control to another program called Bootloader. Now the catch is how does the BIOS know where is the bootloader? Thats simple its always stored in the first 512 bytes in any boot device. The first 512 bytes of a (primary) harddisk is what we call as MBR (Master Boot Record) normally its part of C:\ for Windows users. Guess this is sufficient to get started.

Actually, The complete GRUB bootloader won't fit into 512 bytes, thus 1st part the bootloader (called as stage-1) is stored here, also contains partition table (which tells how the harddisk is split into logical partitions). The stage-2 is actually a text file containing entries which can be modified. This would be our interest here, because just by modifying this file you could boot most of OS (GNU/Linux, Windows, FreeBSD etc) installed in different partitions. Understanding entries in this file is a key in understanding GRUB. Without wasting time let us look into details:

Normally GRUB is stored in the directory: /boot/grub/, this directory contains stage1 and stage2 --> /boot/grub/menu.lst. Below image shows menu.lst file opened in (vim) editor.


An entry to boot windows is similar to this:
title Windows
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

Let us decipher the commands;
'title' is just a entry to be displayed on the boot-up screen to make a choice.

'root' is an important command which sets the partition in which the OS is present, more often for windows 'rootnovefiy' command will be used instead of root, this is similar to root except it does not mount the partition.

That's fine what is that strange (hd0,0)? This is the GRUB way of naming harddisks, hd - stands for harddisk, hd0 means primary and hd1 means secondary etc. Comma followed by next digit indicates the partition on the disk, thus
(hd0,0) - means primary harddisk 1st partition (Which is normally C:\, If you use windows)
(hd0,1) - means primary harddisk 2nd partition
(hd1,1) - means secondary harddisk 2nd partition
etc, Note that the partition numbering starts from 0 and not 1. Which means (ha0,5) actually means 6th partition, which is sda6. Within GNU/Linux OS partitions are named as either hda or sda based on harddisk type, followed by a partition number. To figure out in your system you can use 'fdisk -l' command with root privileges. Output in my machine was shown below:

[root@localhost sara]# fdisk -l

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 6 48163+ de Dell Utility
/dev/sda2 7 1312 10485760 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3 * 1312 PROBLEM 1: 14026 102127616 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda4 14027 19457 43624507+ f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5 14027 16708 21543133+ 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda6 * 16709 19337 21117411 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 19338 19457 963868+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@localhost sara]#

sda6 and sda7 are GNU/Linux partitions. In this naming convention sdb means secondary harddisk. The naming convention described here is for GNU/Linux, and it varies a bit for FreeBSD. You can use 'fdisk -s' to find it out in FreeBSD.

Okay coming back to the point the third entry in the boot commands,

'makeactive' sets the boot flag of the partitions, which is required for DOS to boot, this flag would be already set however there is no harm in ensuring it.

The last command is interesting,
'chainloader +1', this says chainload the program in the next sector after boot sector. Chainloading in a technique in which the running process will be overlaid by the new process. If the word process itself is new to you then you can assume it somehow loads it. Grub uses this technique to boot windows. This explains all you need to boot windows.

PROBLEM 1:
Say you have installed Windows and GNU/Linux on the same machine and you decided to remove GNU/Linux (as though there is no good reason to this). Assume you deleted GNU/Linux partitions from Windows OS Disk Management and you have restored GNU/Linux partitions for Windows use. Now what happens if you reboot? You will have a surprise with a grub command prompt as shown below
grub>
Your nice GRUB menu would no longer be there. Now How to you boot windows? Obviously you can't boot GNU/Linux as you wiped the harddisk that contained it. Before getting into that, lets understand what has happened? The stage2 of grub is present in /boot/grub/ directory got removed as a part of deleting the GNU/Linux partitions and Grub does not know how to boot your OS now. Or the above mentioned commands are not there for GRUB's reference to boot your Windows OS which is anyway present in the harddisk. So what to do? Grub gives you a nice command prompt from which you can execute commands, if you type 'help' you can see all the commands supported by grub, just by knowing few commands you can do a lot with grub. All the commands that are required to boot windows are already known to you (don't be surprised whatever we discussed in previous section, each of them are commands to GRUB) so just use them,

grub>rootnoverify (hd0,0)
grub>makeactive
grub>chainloader +1
grub>boot

Wow! this will boot your windows without any issue (assuming its installed on C:\). So nice of GRUB, it doesn't let you down even when GNU/Linux was completely removed. The last command 'boot' is new, which means boot the OS with the specified configuration.

PROBLEM 2:
Okay coming to your next question, I don't want to do this (above procedure) every time I boot windows how can I get it back the same way it was before installing GNU/Linux?
Before answering this let us understand why do you get a grub command prompt every time you boot. This is because you would have installed GRUB in MBR and stage1 of GRUB is present there. Now the actual question boils down to how do I remove grub from MBR? this can't be done by GRUB itself. Thus you need a windows utility to do this. This is called 'fdisk', this comes as a part of Windows boot disk or CD. During our college days we use to use a 5.14" floppy for boot disk, I guess they are no more in existence now. Once you manage to get a boot CD containing FDISK program rest is simple, FDISK has a hidden option /MBR which recovers the MBR, Thus executing the below command would fix the MBR.

/>FDISK /MBR

This will re-write MBR thus there will be no traces of GRUB being present there. Thus you will get back your Windows as it was before.


Enough of windows, now Lets turn our attention to GNU/Linux. An entry to boot GNU/Linux is similar to this:

title Linux
root (hd0,5)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sda6
initrd (hd0,5)/boot/initrd.img

As explained before 'title' and 'root' commands are the same. The new commands are 'kernel' and 'initrd'. Kernel command gives the Linux kernel to boot and the following are the options to kernel such as root=/dev/sda6. What does this /dev/sda6 mean? This basically gives the location of the program /sbin/init which the father of all Linux process and gets started by the kernel once its up. In your particular grub file this line might look little complex than this, however the essence is same, you might have a option to show a splash image etc.
'initrd' command is used to specify the path of the RAM disk image to start with. Actually vmlinuz and initrd.img are symbolic links to the version of the kernel used and initrd image used. The below output confirms the same.

[root@localhost boot]# ls -l
...
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 2009-02-17 06:58 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 36 2009-02-17 06:59 initrd.img -> initrd-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb.img
...

The Linux kernel version used in my machine is 2.6.27.10 as indicated above. Okay why a symbolic link why not the direct kernel name? Yes the kernel name can directly also be used, however this method has an advantage. Say I have updated my kernel version to a latest version, then just the symbolic link of kernel and initrd needs to be changed and no the entry in the grub. Even changing the symbolic link also will be automatically taken care for you when you update or in some distribution it makes a new entry with the new kernel version in the boot-up menu.

PROBLEM 3:
Say you have installed GNU/Linux successfully and you have just got the grub prompt not the Menu, how to boot GNU/Linux now? This might not be the case mostly however its nice way to learn GRUB, you can simulate this by typing 'c' when the grub menu is displayed. This will take you to grub command prompt.
Here we go.
Now the first question is how do I
know in which partition GNU/Linux is installed? Its easy to find out this using 'find' command
grub>find /sbib/init
(hd0,5)
grub>
This indicates that GNU/Linux is installed in (hd0,5) which sda6 of the harddisk. Now we can set the root to this partition
grub>root (hd0,5)

To set the kernel,
grub>root /boot/vmlinuz[Press TAB Key]
vmlinuz-2.6.27-desktop586-0.rc8.2mnb vmlinuz-2.6.27-0.rc8.3.1mdvcustom vmlinuz-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb
[Tab key] auto-completion is a easy way to find out existing files.

Even Tab key works after
grub>root ([Press TAB key]
which displays all the possible partitions in the harddisk. These are some cool features of GRUB.

Okay we will set the kernel as vmlinuz-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb,
grub>root /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb
the above command can also be written as
grub>root (hd0,5)/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb
in this case 'root' command is optional as we are specifying the absolute path using (hd0,5).

Similarly initrd image,
grub>root /boot/initrd[Press TAB Key]
initrd-2.6.27-0.rc8.3.1mdvcustom.img initrd-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb.img initrd-2.6.27-desktop586-0.rc8.2mnb.img
Set it same as kernel version, thus initrd-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb.img
grub>root (hd0,5)/boot/initrd-2.6.27.10-desktop586-1mnb.img
IMPORTANT NOTE: Here (hd0,5) is not optional, this should always to absolute path.

All set, now 'boot' command will boot GNU/Linux successfully
grub>boot
If you get something like "Kernel Panic", It might be because you have missed the initrd command.

Cool Now you are equipped with knowledge to boot different OS from GRUB prompt as well as modify stage2 of grub, menu.lst file. Try them!

There are some more interesting commands like:
save - to save the previous boot option, save default is needed in the begging to use this
hide - to hide a partition, this is there to overcome the drawback of DOS/Windows bootloader
unhide - Reverse of hide
map - to map a secondary harddisk as primary, this is there to overcome the drawback of DOS/Windows bootloader

I will leave it you to explore them. I hope this article would have made Grub easy for you to understand. If you have any queries or feedback you are most welcome.

How to fix a corrupted MBR is another interesting thing, that would require another article. Hope I will write it sometime later.